GSR (Glutathione Reductase, Mitochondrial, GR, GRase, GSR, GLUR, GRD1, MGC78522) (AP)

Glutathione reductase (GSR or GR) is a crucial flavoenzyme in the antioxidant defense system that maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. It belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family and is a flavoprotein homodimer of two equal subunits with one mole of noncovalently bound FAD in each subunit. GR reduces glutathione disulphide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form (GSH) which is an important cellular oxidant and is used by glutathione peroxidase to detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Apart from NADPH, GR also uses FAD as a cofactor for the process. In sperm,...