Specifications
SHIPPING NOTES
Storing antibodies at various temperatures (up to 40°C) for one week does not affect their activity. As a precautionary measure, we ship all products in insulated packaging with cold packs to provide extra temperature stability in transit. The cold packs may be thawed when you receive the shipment, please be assured that this is normal and your product(s) are safe to use. Once you have received your product(s), please follow the storage instructions on the datasheet(s).
*USAGE / SAFETY STATEMENT
This product is for research use only. It is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
CONJUGATION/TAG
Unconjugated
PURIFICATION
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide.
DILUTION
Western blotting: 1:500~1:1000
Immunohistochemistry: 1:50~1:100
Immunofluorescence: 1:100~1:200
IMMUNOGEN
Peptide sequence around phosphorylation site of serine 529 (L-L-S(p)-G-D) derived from Human NFkB-p65.
SPECIFICITY
The antibody detects endogenous level of NFkB-p65 only when phosphorylated at serine 529.
STORAGE BUFFER
Supplied at 1.0mg / mL in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
BACKGROUND
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA / p65, RELB, NFKB1 / p105, NFKB1 / p50, REL and NFKB2 / p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and p65-c-Rel complexes are transcriptional activators. The NF-kappa-B p65-p65 complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B upon NF-kappa-B the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with p65. p65 shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex.